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Severance and IFS: A Powerful Metaphor for Trauma, Parts work, and Healing


“You couldn’t be here if you were out there.”


Apple TV’s Severance isn’t just dystopian sci-fi — it’s a parable about trauma, attachment wounds, and the survival strategies we carry inside.


The show’s premise is clinical and surreal: a controversial procedure splits a person’s consciousness into two distinct selves:

• the “innie” — who works, with no memory of life outside

• and the “outie” — who lives, with no memory of what happens at work


But through the lens of Internal Family Systems (IFS) and attachment theory, Severance becomes something more profound:


A mirror of what happens when our most vulnerable parts are exiled — and how interpersonal connection becomes the medicine for reintegration.


brain work

🧠 IFS 101: A System of Inner Survivors


IFS therapy, developed by Dr. Richard Schwartz, teaches that we are made up of parts — internal subpersonalities that hold roles, stories, and protective instincts.

Exiles carry pain, shame, grief, and unmet needs.

Managers maintain control through perfectionism, people-pleasing, or emotional detachment.

Firefighters burst in with reactivity, addiction, dissociation, or impulsivity to shut down emotional overwhelm.


At the center is the Self — our calm, clear, compassionate core — capable of healing the system through connection and leadership.


But in trauma, the Self gets buried. The parts take over. The system fractures.


Sound familiar?


Internal War

💔 Attachment Wounds: The Original Severance


Long before we’re in corporate roles or adult relationships, we form attachment templates based on early caregiving:

• If love was inconsistent → we learn to overfunction or chase

• If connection was dangerous → we detach, avoid, or numb

• If we were shamed for needs → we silence parts of ourselves to survive


These early wounds create internal splits — versions of ourselves we hide to stay loved or safe.


The “severance” in Severance is literal. But for many of us, it’s emotional — a quiet internal war between who we are and what we believe we’re allowed to be.


Greif- Exile Part Mark S

🧍‍♂️ The Cast as Inner Parts: Trauma Told Through Character


Each Severance character reflects a fragmented, adaptive system:

Mark: Emotionally avoidant, grief-exiled, dissociated. His innie is numb; his outie is haunted.

Helly: A rebellious Firefighter part — fighting back after years of being silenced and objectified.

Irving: A Manager driven by rules, rituals, and loyalty — terrified of chaos but aching for connection.

Dylan: Activated protector — reactive and impulsive, but beginning to remember what matters.


Each part is doing its job — protecting the system.


But healing doesn’t begin until something radical happens:


They connect.


Internal Connection

🤝 Healing Through Relationship: Painful, Powerful Integration


The character arcs in Severance are more than narrative — they’re a metaphor for trauma integration through relational repair.


As each character begins to form bonds — hesitant, fragile, and sometimes explosive — something changes in the system:

• They witness one another’s pain.

• They begin to question the stories that kept them loyal to oppression.

• They discover that togetherness is the thing that makes remembering bearable.


Their healing journey is messy. It nearly destroys them.


And yet — it’s the connection between parts, not the severing, that leads to freedom.


Just like in IFS therapy, healing begins when internal exiles are seen, heard, and invited back into the circle — not alone, but in the presence of Self and others.


Internal Parts Work and Severance


🕵🏽‍♂️ Mr. Milchick: The Inner Enforcer


Milchick is more than an office manager. He’s the internalized enforcer — the Manager part inside us that:

• Rewards performance

• Punishes deviation

• Shames emotional truth


He represents every survival adaptation that says:


“Don’t cry at work.”

“Be good and they’ll love you.”

“Feelings get you in trouble.”


From an attachment lens, Milchick mirrors the internalized parent or societal pressure that conditions us to earn safety through compliance.


But even Milchick starts to crack. His smile slips. His control frays.


Even our harshest inner managers grow tired. And beneath them? There’s usually an exile longing to be free.


The Enforcer Part


🧠 The Kier Doctrine: Internalized Oppression as Identity


The cult of Kier isn’t just creepy — it reflects the internalized ideologies that hold us hostage:

• “If I work hard enough, I’ll be enough.”

• “If I follow the rules, I’ll be safe.”

• “If I’m useful, I’ll be loved.”


IFS helps us locate the parts that uphold those beliefs — and understand who they’re protecting underneath.


Healing means questioning the system inside — not just outside.


Severance season 2 and Internal Family Systems
Look inward


💡 Modern Work Culture: We’re All Severed Somewhere


The glowing screens. The fake smiles. The pressure to perform.


We don’t need a brain chip — many of us already live in a state of low-grade disconnection.

• We smile through Zoom calls while grieving alone.

• We micromanage others while ignoring our own emotional pain.

• We reward productivity and repress presence.


Severance puts a face to this disembodiment — but it also shows us the way back.


Severance and work/life balance

🛠️ Integration Is the Revolution — And It Hurts


When the characters start to remember, it’s not beautiful — it’s destabilizing.


They weep. They scream. They betray and doubt and freeze.


This is trauma work.

This is what it looks like when exiles return.


But through relationship — through secure attachment, shared vulnerability, and chosen connection — they begin to build an internal system that can hold truth.


The path to healing is terrifying — but it’s also sacred.


And it doesn’t happen alone.


Therapist in California
Healing through integration

💬 You Don’t Have to Sever to Survive


If you:

• Have ever shut down a part of yourself to keep the peace

• Felt unsafe expressing emotion, especially in front of authority

• Lived two lives — the polished version, and the hidden, aching one…


Then you already know what severance feels like.


But you don’t have to stay fragmented.


IFS shows us how to turn toward our parts with compassion.

Attachment theory shows us why connection heals what isolation never could.

And Severance reminds us that even in the coldest systems, the Self is still there — waiting for an opening.


Company Culture

🧠 Try This: Healing Prompts

• What part of me is carrying pain I’ve avoided feeling?

• What survival belief am I still loyal to — and who taught it to me?

• Can I let someone else see that part, even for a moment?


Connection isn’t just healing.

It’s liberation.




Cognitive Distortions and Their Impact

Cognitive distortions can run our relationships into the ground, can distort beliefs and thinking, ruin relationships, and add to self-sabotage behavior.


Cognitive Distortions Impact our Relationship with Ourselves and Others

A CONTINUATION and explanation of Cognitive Distortions within Relationships.

+Clinical Applications via DSM Diagnoses and Attachment Styles+



Understanding Cognitive Distortions

Cognitive distortions are irrational or exaggerated thought patterns that can negatively influence our beliefs, behaviors, and relationships. These distortions can lead to a skewed perception of reality, causing various emotional and psychological issues.


Effects on Beliefs

  • Negative Self-Image: Distorted thinking can lead individuals to develop a poor self-image, believing they are unworthy or incapable.

  • Overgeneralization: One negative experience may lead to the belief that all experiences will be similar, fostering a sense of hopelessness.

  • Catastrophizing: This involves expecting the worst possible outcome in any situation, which can reinforce irrational fears and anxieties.

Effects on Behaviors

  • Avoidance: Individuals may avoid situations that trigger their cognitive distortions, leading to missed opportunities and increased isolation.

  • Self-Sabotage: Beliefs rooted in cognitive distortions can lead to behaviors that undermine one’s own success, such as procrastination or giving up easily.

  • Impulsivity: Distorted thinking can lead to rash decisions based on fear or anxiety rather than rational thought.

Effects on Relationships

  • Miscommunication: Cognitive distortions can lead to misunderstandings and misinterpretations of others’ actions or words.

  • Conflict: Overgeneralizing or catastrophizing can escalate conflicts, making resolution difficult.

  • Emotional Withdrawal: Individuals may withdraw from relationships due to fear of rejection or failure, leading to loneliness and further distortion of beliefs about relationships.



what are your negative core beliefs?

Cognitive distortions can significantly impact our beliefs, behaviors, and relationships. Recognizing and addressing these thought patterns is crucial for fostering healthier perspectives and improving overall well-being.


This consolidated guide highlights key cognitive distortions through the psychoeducational lens of trauma, ADHD, bipolar disorder, addiction, narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), borderline personality disorder (BPD), and attachment styles. Each distortion includes examples and key context for understanding the adaptive or reactive nature of these patterns.


Core Cognitive Distortions and their Impacts:


Understanding the Lenses:


Trauma-Informed (PTSD/CPTSD): Individuals with a trauma history may exhibit heightened threat sensitivity, hypervigilance, and dysregulated attachment systems. Cognitive distortions often reflect survival adaptations and unmet safety needs.


ADHD-Informed: Emotional dysregulation, rejection sensitivity, and executive dysfunction contribute to distorted thoughts and relational misattunement. Fast processing can lead to assumption-based or black-and-white thinking.


Bipolar-Informed: Mood states (mania, hypomania, depression) can influence perception, emotional intensity, and judgment. Thought patterns can swing from inflated to shame-ridden, depending on phase.


Addiction-Informed: Substance use can reinforce cognitive distortions as part of denial, shame avoidance, or black-and-white relational thinking. Cravings or dysregulation often override logical interpretation.


Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD)-Informed: Cognitive distortions often protect against deep shame or worthlessness. Defensive thinking maintains grandiosity, self-preservation, or entitlement as a protective ego structure.


Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)-Informed): Intense fear of abandonment and emotional instability influence perceptions of self and others. Thoughts often reflect rapid shifts in mood, identity, or relational expectations.


Attachment Styles: Early relational templates shape how we seek connection and interpret emotional cues. Distortions often reflect protective responses to unmet childhood needs:

Secure Attachment: Able to tolerate emotional ambiguity, trust relational repair, and view conflict as part of connection.

Anxious Preoccupied: Hypervigilant to disconnection, craves reassurance, and tends to over-personalize others’ behaviors.

Dismissive Avoidant: Emotionally distant or overwhelmed by closeness; interprets others’ needs as threatening or intrusive.

Fearful Avoidant (Disorganized): Simultaneously craves closeness and fears it; prone to emotional dysregulation and relational confusion.



Here are some cognitive distortions


1. All-or-Nothing Thinking

Definition: Viewing situations in extremes (perfect/failure, safe/unsafe).

General Example: “If we fight, this relationship is doomed.”

Attachment-Informed:

Anxious: “If you pull away, I’m abandoned.”

Avoidant: “If I depend on you, I’ll lose control.”

Disorganized: Torn between craving closeness and fearing it.

Secure: Tolerates emotional imperfection without losing trust.

Psychoeducational Lens: This distortion helps people quickly label safety or threat—especially if their nervous system has learned that relational conflict equals emotional danger.



2. Emotional Reasoning

Definition: Believing something is true because of how it feels.

General Example: “I feel unloved, so you must not care.”

Trauma-Informed: Emotional flashbacks can trigger outdated beliefs that feel real.

ADHD: Emotional flooding distorts interpretation.

BPD: Feelings are overwhelming and internalized rapidly.

NPD: Feeling slighted confirms others are disrespectful.

Attachment-Informed:

Anxious: “I feel anxious—something must be wrong.”

Avoidant: “This discomfort proves people are unsafe.”

Disorganized: “I feel danger and need comfort, but I can’t ask.”

Secure: Recognizes feelings as signals, not truths.



3. Jumping to Conclusions

Definition: Assuming without evidence—either mind reading or fortune telling.

General Example: “You didn’t text back—you’re done with me.”

ADHD: Fast thinking, poor impulse regulation, and past rejection fuel this.

Bipolar: In mood episodes, assumptions may become delusions or hyperreactive beliefs.

Addiction: “They don’t believe in me” becomes a reason to isolate or use.

Attachment-Informed:

Anxious: “You’re quiet—you’re losing interest or planning to leave.”

Avoidant: “You’re upset—you want too much from me.”

Disorganized: “You didn’t respond, and now I don’t know if I should leave or cling.”

Secure: Openly seeks clarification before drawing conclusions.



4. Catastrophizing

Definition: Expecting the worst-case scenario.

General Example: “If we argue, we’re over.”

PTSD/BPD: Trauma memory or dysregulation triggers panic thinking.

ADHD: Overwhelm turns small problems into disasters.

Addiction: “If I don’t use, I’ll break down.”

Attachment-Informed:

Anxious: “If you’re upset with me, we’re over and I’ll be alone forever.”

Avoidant: “If I engage emotionally, I’ll be trapped or controlled.”

Disorganized: “If I get close, you’ll hurt me; if I pull away, I’ll lose you.”

Secure: Able to see conflict as a challenge, not a catastrophe.



5. Personalization

Definition: Believing others’ behavior is your fault.

General Example: “They’re upset—it must be because of me.”

Trauma-Informed: Survival adaptations teach hyper-responsibility.

BPD: Intense need for reassurance fuels self-blame.

ADHD: Shame-based patterns from lifelong criticism.

NPD: Blame may be externally projected instead.

Attachment-Informed:

Anxious: “If I fix myself, you’ll stay.”

Avoidant: “You’re being irrational—it can’t be about me.”

Disorganized: “I feel responsible but don’t know how to fix it.”

Secure: Can differentiate between shared responsibility and individual feelings.


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Core Cognitive Distortions in Relationships, brought to you by Danielle Roxborough MA LMFT of Love Is A Verb Counseling.

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Discover the 12 most common cognitive distortions that damage your relationships—and learn CBT + DBT-backed strategies to challenge and reframe them. Perfect for therapy clients, couples, and mental health enthusiasts.


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Cognitive Distortions and how to identify them

Your Brain Isn’t Broken—It’s Trying to Protect You


When it comes to relationships, your brain isn’t always a reliable narrator.

It can twist facts, jump to conclusions, and make you feel like everything is falling apart—even when it’s not.


These mental shortcuts are called cognitive distortions, and they often show up when you’re:

    •    Emotionally triggered

    •    Feeling insecure or anxious

    •    Navigating conflict or disconnection


The good news? These patterns are learned—and with the right tools, they can be unlearned.


mirror image
Can you see it differently?


What Are Cognitive Distortions?


Cognitive distortions are habitual, irrational thought patterns that distort your perception of reality.

They often come from trauma, anxiety, depression, neurodivergence (like ADHD), or past relational wounds.


In therapy, they’re one of the first things we target with CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) and DBT (Dialectical Behavior Therapy) tools because they affect how we think, feel, and behave—especially in intimate relationships.



relationships and cognitive distortions
Don't let these Cognitive Distortions sabotage your relationships


12 Cognitive Distortions That Sabotage Relationships (and How to Reframe Them)


1. All-or-Nothing Thinking


“If we fight, this relationship is a failure.”

    •    Reframe with CBT: Not all conflict means collapse. Relationships exist in gray areas.

    •    DBT Tip: Use dialectics: “We can love each other and disagree.”


2. Overgeneralization


“You always shut down. You never care.”

    •    CBT Strategy: Look for the exception. Is there one moment that proves otherwise?

    •    DBT Tip: Practice radical acceptance of nuance.


3. Mental Filter


“All I can see is the time you let me down.”

    •    CBT Strategy: Keep a log of positive interactions to balance the lens.

    •    DBT Tip: Use the PLEASE skill to manage physical vulnerability that can worsen emotional filtering.


4. Discounting the Positive


“You’re just being nice because you feel guilty.”

    •    CBT Strategy: Acknowledge and validate the good. Don’t explain it away.

    •    DBT Tip: Try a mindful gratitude practice—even if your mind protests.


5. Jumping to Conclusions


“You didn’t respond to my text—so you’re probably over me.”

    •    CBT Strategy: Ask for clarification. Don’t fill in the blank with fear.

    •    DBT Tip: Use DEAR MAN to communicate needs clearly.


6. Catastrophizing


“This one fight means we’re going to break up.”

    •    CBT Strategy: Reality check—what are the actual facts?

    •    DBT Tip: Use TIP skills (Temperature, Intense exercise, Paced breathing) to down-regulate panic.


7. Emotional Reasoning


“I feel rejected—so you must be rejecting me.”

    •    CBT Strategy: Emotions are data, not destiny.

    •    DBT Tip: Observe and describe the emotion without attaching a meaning.


8. Should Statements


“You should know what I need without me asking.”

    •    CBT Strategy: Replace “should” with “prefer.” Reality lives in preference, not pressure.

    •    DBT Tip: Distinguish values-based living from rigid rules.


9. Labeling


“I’m just toxic. They’re a narcissist.”

    •    CBT Strategy: Label behaviors, not people.

    •    DBT Tip: Nonjudgmental stance: all behavior is an attempt to cope.


10. Personalization


“You’re upset—it must be my fault.”

    •    CBT Strategy: Ask: What else could be going on?

    •    DBT Tip: Use Wise Mind to zoom out from shame.


11. Blaming


“This relationship is a mess because of you.”

    •    CBT Strategy: Own your 50%. Healthy love requires mutual responsibility.

    •    DBT Tip: Use GIVE skills for gentle, truthful expression.


12. Control Fallacy


“I have to fix your feelings or I’m a bad partner.”

    •    CBT Strategy: Notice what’s in your control—and what’s not.

    •    DBT Tip: Let go of extreme responsibility and focus on boundaries.



How to Start Reframing Your Thoughts Today


Healing from cognitive distortions starts with noticing your inner voice without judgment.


Here’s how:

    1.    Name the distortion. Label it when it shows up.

    2.    Breathe before reacting. Regulation first, reframing second.

    3.    Use a therapy tool. DEAR MAN, Wise Mind, or a reframe journal prompt.

    4.    Seek connection over perfection. Your partner isn’t looking for perfection—they’re looking for you.







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